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1.
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases ; (12): 66-71, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970715

ABSTRACT

Welding operations are widely present in the manufacturing production process, involving a large number of occupational groups, and are the key occupations where work injuries and occupational diseases occur in China. For different welding processes and welding materials, the content and focus of occupational health monitoring are different. At present, the item of occupational health examination in welding operation is in poor consistency with the on-site exposure of occupational hazard factors, and it is mainly concentrated in the stage of disease development, which can not reflect the early health damage caused by welding dust exposure in time. The emergence of biomarkers of welding dust can make up for this defect. Therefore, it is of great significance to describe the current situation of occupational health monitoring of welding dust and summarize the research progress of related biomarkers for the early prevention of diseases caused by welding dust and the practice of occupational health monitoring.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Welding , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Dust/analysis , Biomarkers , Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis
2.
Chinese Journal of Dermatology ; (12): 559-562, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-994501

ABSTRACT

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a recurrent systemic inflammatory disease. At present, there are few biological indicators that can effectively reflect CSU activity in clinical practice, and some indicators have not been widely used. To identify sensitive and easy-to-check indicators may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of as well as prediction of therapeutic efficacy in CSU. This review comprehensively summarizes current clinical application of indicators related to CSU activity, in order to provide a reference for clinical practice and related scientific research.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219373

ABSTRACT

The objective of the research was to evaluate: aerial cover, canopy height and aerial phytomass production in five of the most common tall species in the area, in order to articulate it to a plant fiber production project. For the evaluation, 5 plots of 900 m2 were fenced, including 50 subplots of 32 m2, which were fertilized with cattle manure and phosphate rock. Monthly measurements were made from October 2020 to June 2021. At the end of the control, significant differences were observed for P = .01. Between plots they ranged from 1533�8 to 2909�2 cm2 in canopy cover (CC), from 36.9�89 to 38.3�31 cm in canopy height (CH) and 44�11 to 129�11 g DM/plant in Aerial Phytomass Production (AFP). Between species, they ranged from 2067�6 to 2975�0 cm2 in CC, from 33.2�86 to 40.3�24 cm in CH, and from 49.4�.52 to 162.4�49g DM/plant in AFP. By fertilization effect the AFP varied as follows: those fertilized with phosphate rock reached 109.5�72 g DM/plant (14.7%), with cattle manure 88.8�72 g DM/plant (-5.3%), and finally the control plants with 93.5�.03 g DM/plant, which means. A high canonical correlation was also observed between biological variables (canopy cover, canopy height, and dry matter production) and climatic variables (maximum temperature, minimum T. in 癈, and rainfall in liters/m2). It was shown that tussock species respond quickly to cutting and natural fertilization has beneficial effects on biological indicators, despite the altitudinal difference between the plots and the particular species.

4.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 29(1): e21280, ene.-mar. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377195

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este trabajo reporta la presencia inusual de especies de la familia Carangidae en los desembarcaderos de la provincia de Pisco (13.5° S), departamento de Ica, ocurridos durante el evento El Niño costero 2017. Se observaron 4 especies: Caranx caballus, Caranx caninus, Oligoplites saurus y Selene brevoortii capturadas con el arte de pesca "cortina agallera". Durante el periodo de El Niño costero 2017 en el área de estudio se registraron temperaturas superiores a los 26 °C y salinidades moderadamente elevadas (> 35.1 ups), condiciones que habrían favorecido el desplazamiento de estas especies, frecuentes en el norte del Perú, hacia latitudes superiores.


Abstract This work reports the unusual presence of species of the Carangidae family in Pisco province coast (13.5° S), department of Ica, which occurred during the El Niño costero 2017 event. Four species were observed: Caranx caballus, Caranx caninus, Oligoplites saurus y Selene brevoortii were captured with the "cortina agallera" fishing gear. During the El Niño costero 2017 in the study area, temperatures above 26 °C and moderately high salinities (> 35.1 ups) were recorded, conditions would have favored the displacement of these species, frequent in the north of Peru, towards higher latitudes.

5.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 100-107, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-905932

ABSTRACT

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of compound Guizhencao granule (CGG) on grade 1 hypertension patients with dampness heat and blood stasis syndrome and its influence on related biological indicators and safety indexes. Method:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trial design was used. 80 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the treatment group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). On the basis of health education,patients in the treatment group received 6.5 g CGG,twice daily,for four weeks. Patients in the control group received CGG simulant in a similar dosing scheme. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(24 h ABPM),traditional Chinese medcine(TCM) syndrome score,angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ),endothelin-1 (ET-1),homocysteine(Hcy) and safety indexes were observed. Result:Compared with that before treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the consulting room in the treatment group were significantly lower (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and there was no significant difference in the control group;The daytime DBP and 24 h DBP in the control group decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and the 24 h SBP, 24 h DBP, daytime SBP, daytime DBP, nighttime SBP and nighttime DBP in the treatment group decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The total effective rate of 24 h ABPM on the nighttime blood pressure was 57.14% (20/35) in the treatment group, which was significantly higher than 28.57% (10/35) in the control group (<italic>Z</italic>=-2.310, <italic>P</italic><0.05); The total effective rate of daytime blood pressure and 24-hour blood pressure treatment group increased, but the difference was not statistically significant. The TCM syndrome score of two groups was significantly lower than that of the control group before treatment (<italic>P</italic>< 0.05, <italic>P</italic>< 0.01), and that of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The total effective rate of TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was 51.43% (18/35), which was significantly higher than 28.57% (10/35) in the control group (<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>= 9.973, <italic>P</italic><0.05). Compared with that before treatment, the levels of ET-1 and Hcy in the control group decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.05), and the levels of Ang Ⅱ, ET-1 and Hcy in the treatment group decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01); Compared with the control group after treatment, the levels of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in the treatment group decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic> < 0.01). Conclusion:CGG is safe and effective in reducing the blood pressure level,improving the TCM syndrome score,and regulating related biological indicators of patients with Grade 1 hypertension.

6.
Acta biol. colomb ; 24(2): 299-310, May-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010858

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se comparó la calidad ecológica del río Tota durante agosto 2007 y febrero 2008, y el curso alto del río Bogotá entre los meses de octubre 2013 y enero 2014, aplicando los índices BMWP/Col y ABI. Los puntos de muestreo corresponden a la parte alta, media y baja del gradiente longitudinal. En el río Tota se determinaron 27 familias correspondientes a 11 órdenes, donde las más abundantes fueron Baetidae (25,43 %), Leptohyphidae (16,43 %), Naididae (13,76 %), Chironomidae (11,42 %) y Hyalellidae (10,30 %). En el curso alto del río Bogotá se determinaron 32 familias correspondientes a 13 órdenes, y las más abundantes fueron Chironomidae (28,94 %), Leptoceridae (25,20 %), Naididae (18,34 %) y Simuliidae (8,63 %). En el río Tota, El BMWP/Col. presentó una calidad de agua buena, mientras que el ABI presentó una calidad aceptable. Por otra parte, en la parte alta del Río Bogotá, tanto el BMWP/ Col. como el ABI presentaron variaciones en la calidad del agua entre aceptable y muy crítica. El ACC para el río Tota mostró correlaciones entre la temperatura y conductividad con las familias Hyalellidae y Leptohyphidae mientras que el caudal se relaciona con Sphaeriidae; mientras que el curso alto del río Bogotá se correlacionó el caudal, la conductividad y la temperatura con la familia Veliidae. A manera de conclusión, los resultados obtenidos denotan que el índice ABI, que es un índice creado para sistemas andinos de montaña, es más sensible a los impactos que el índice BMWP/Col.


ABSTRACT The ecological quality of the Tota River was evaluated during August 2007 and February 2008 and compared to the upper part from Bogotá River between October 2013 and January 2014, by applying the BMWP/Col and ABI indexes. The sampling points corresponding to the high, medium and low part of the longitudinal gradient. In the Tota River, 27 families were determined corresponding to 11 orders, where the most abundant were Baetidae (25.43 %), Leptohyphidae (16.43 %), Naididae (13.76 %), Chironomidae (11.42 %) and Hyalellidae (10.30 %). In the upper course of Bogotá River, 32 families were determined to conform 13 orders, where the most abundant were Chironomidae (28.94 %), Leptoceridae (25.20 %), Naididae (18.34 %) and Simuliidae (8.63 %). In the river Tota, The BMWP/Col. The index showed a good status, while the ABI index exhibited an acceptable quality. On the other hand, in the upper part of the Bogotá River, both the BMWP/Col. and ABI showed variations in quality between acceptable and very critical. The CCA for the Tota River exhibited correlations between temperature and conductivity with the families Hyalellidae and Leptohyphidae while the stream flow was linked with the family Sphaeriidae. On the other hand, in the upper part of Bogotá River the stream flow, conductivity and temperature were correlated with the occurrence of the family Veliidae. Our results showed that the ABI index is more sensitive to impacts that the BMWP/Col index is showing its ability to evaluate the Andean mountain systems.

7.
São Paulo; s.n; 2019. 107 p
Thesis in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1397801

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O processo de esterilização hospitalar requer que os produtos para saúde sejam entregues limpos, esterilizados e secos. A ocorrência de pacotes molhados é um desvio do processo, condição inaceitável segundo a AAMI (2017). Ações arbitrárias, como adição de campo absorvente nas caixas, aumento da pressão da câmara externa, aumento do intervalo de tempo da rampa de aquecimento e aumento do intervalo de tempo de secagem, são praticadas pelos CME e engenharia em busca de uma solução, considerando o sucesso da intervenção com base na carga seca ao término do ciclo e no resultado dos indicadores químicos e biológicos satisfatórios. Frente ao exposto, questiona-se quais seriam as implicações das tais práticas adotadas para evitar pacotes molhados na segurança da esterilização a vapor e suas repercussões nas respostas dos indicadores biológicos e químicos. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto das práticas adotadas pelos CME para evitar pacotes molhados/úmidos na segurança da esterilização e suas repercussões nas respostas dos indicadores biológicos e químicos. Método: a pesquisa caracterizou-se como estudo experimental laboratorial, realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira, os estudos foram conduzidos utilizando duas procedências de resistômetro equipamento utilizado para controle de qualidade dos indicadores químicos e biológicos cuja característica é não contemplar fase de condicionamento, e na segunda, uma esterilizadora a vapor de uso hospitalar incluindo a fase de condicionamento. As variáveis independentes da pesquisa em ambas as etapas foram: presença de campos absorventes, aumento da pressão da câmara externa, aumento de tempo de secagem e aumento do tempo da rampa de aquecimento. As variáveis dependentes foram: resultado dos indicadores biológicos e químicos tipo 5 e 6 de três procedências distintas, e o resultado mecânico da relação pressão versus temperatura. Resultados: Na etapa 1 quando a resposta dos indicadores químicos e biológicos teriam a priori, precisão teórica para aprovar ou reprovar os ciclos frente a ações arbitradas pelos CME para obter material seco, na situação provocada de adição de campo absorvente e aumento da pressão da câmara externa causando o vapor superaquecido - detectado por meio da relação pressão versus temperatura 76% dos indicadores químicos não conseguiram detectar a falha, demonstrando falha na sensibilidade dos IQ 5/6 ou baixo impacto dessa intervenção. Já o IB demostrou sensibilidade maior do que os IQ 5/6, com 96% a mais de detecção de falha. O tempo de secagem adicional não interferiu na mudança esperada dos resultados dos indicadores químicos em ciclos onde o tempo de esterilização foi reduzido para metade como desafio, ao contrário dos resultados com a rampa de aquecimento estendida onde todos indicadores tiveram o resultado aprovado em meio ciclo de esterilização. Na segunda etapa, nos estudos em esterilizadora com fase de condicionamento, observou-se que a secagem adicional alterou o resultado dos indicadores químicos, mudando de reprovado para aprovado, e a condição de vapor superaquecido foi observado nos parâmetros físicos medido pelos sensores externos, mas nenhum indicador conseguiu identificar a falha, inclusive os instrumentos de controle do equipamento. Conclusões: Ações de adição de campo absorvente nas caixas e aumento da pressão da câmara externa não podem ser utilizados acriticamente, pois podem prejudicam diretamente a segurança da esterilização, inibindo a coagulação de esporos na presença de vapor superaquecido, e os IQ tipo 5/6 e IB não tem especificidade para detectar falha na esterilização frente a essas condições. Não se evidenciou riscos na segurança da esterilização pelas manobras do aumento do tempo da rampa de aquecimento e o aumento do tempo de secagem, mas sim nos resultados falso satisfatórios dos IQ 5/6 e IB nos experimentos quando o tempo de esterilização foi propositalmente reduzido pela metade.


Introduction: The hospital sterilization process requires that the health products be delivered clean, sterilized and dry. The occurrence of wet packs is a deviation from the process, an unacceptable condition according to AAMI (2017). Arbitrary actions, such as addition of an absorbent liners in boxes, jacket pressure increase, come-up duration increase and extending drying time, are practiced by CSSD and engineering in search of a solution, considering a successful intervention based on the dry load at the end of the cycle and on the satisfactory result of chemical and biological indicators. Considering the above, implications of such practices to avoid wet packages in the safety of steam sterilization and its repercussions on biological and chemical indicators responses are questioned. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the practices adopted by CSSD to avoid wet packs in the safety of sterilization and its repercussions on biological and chemical indicators responses. Method: the research was characterized as an experimental laboratory study, carried out in two stages. In the first, the studies were conducted using two different resistometers - equipment used for the quality control of chemical and biological indicators, which characteristic is not to contemplate conditioning phase, and in the second, a steam sterilizer for hospital use, including the conditioning phase. The independent variables of the research in both stages were: presence of absorbent liners, jacket pressure increase, extended drying time and increase come-up ramp time duration. The dependent variables were: result of the biological indicator and chemical indicators type 5 and 6 from three different sources, and the result of the pressure versus temperature relationship. Results: In stage 1 when the response of the chemical and biological indicators would have a priori, theoretical precision to approve or disapprove the cycles against actions arbitrated by the CSSD to obtain dry material, in the situation provoked by addition of absorbent liner and increased jacket pressure, causing superheated steam - detected by pressure versus temperature - 76% of the chemical indicators could not detect the fault, demonstrating a lack of sensitivity of CI 5/6 or a low impact of this intervention. The BI, on the other hand, showed higher sensitivity than CI 5/6, with 96% more failure detection. The additional drying time did not interfere with the expected change in chemical indicator results in cycles where the sterilization time was reduced to half as a challenge, unlike the results with the extended come-up ramp where all indicators had approved result in half cycle of sterilization. On the second stage, in the sterilizer studies with the conditioning phase, it was observed that the additional drying changed the result of the chemical indicators, changing from failed to passed, and the superheated steam condition was observed in the physical parameters measured with the external sensors, but no indicator could identify the failure, neither equipment controls. Conclusions: Actions of adding absorbent liners in the boxes and increasing jacket pressure cannot be used uncritically, since they can negatively impact on sterilization safety, inhibiting the coagulation of spores due to the presence of superheated steam, and CI type 5/6 and BI have no specificity for detecting failure to sterilization against such conditions. There were no observed risks in the safety of sterilization due to increases in time of the come-up ramp and extended drying time, but false satisfactory results in CI 5/6 and BI were observed in the experiments where sterilization time was purposely reduced by half.


Subject(s)
Sterilization , Nursing , Health Status Indicators , Equipment and Supplies
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2019. 164 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1397957

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O recente avanço das técnicas cirúrgicas demandou a utilização de métodos de esterilização a baixa temperatura, tal como o peróxido de hidrogênio vaporizado (VH2O2), para possibilitar a esterilização de produtos para saúde (PPS) termossensíveis. Embora amplamente utilizado nos Centros de Material e Esterilização (CME), os problemas relacionados à esta tecnologia são muitos, tais como: baixa difusibilidade do VH2O2, ausência de normas construtivas e de validação, limitação das tecnologias para medir a concentração do agente esterilizante, validação e monitoramento dos ciclos, além de práticas inadequadas de carregamento e esterilização de PPS. Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de indicadores físicos (IF) e biológicos (IB), se as práticas atuais do CME, na escolha das cargas e do carregamento, interferem na segurança dos esterilizadores de VH2O2: Sterrad® 100S ciclo curto, Sterrad® 100NX ciclo padrão e Vpro® Max ciclo sem lúmen. Método: Pesquisa de campo, exploratória e descritiva, realizada em hospitais que utilizam os equipamentos supracitados na rotina. Os dados foram coletados após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa e autorização dos hospitais participantes. Foram avaliados três esterilizadores de cada modelo de CMEs distintos, sendo que a escolha dos ciclos para coleta dos dados deu-se pela maior criticidade e frequência de utilização nos locais de estudo. Os IB foram posicionados, unitariamente, em envelopes duplos de Tyvek® (considerados pacote-teste), com fechamento por selagem térmica. Em cada esterilizador, foi realizado um ensaio vazio em meio ciclo, com três pacotes-testes nas seguintes posições: superior/anterior; superior/centro e inferior/posterior. Sequencialmente, foram realizados ensaios com a mesma carga em triplicata, compostos pelos PPS que representam um desafio à rotina, também, em meio ciclo. Internamente, adicionaram-se IB, além de dois pacotes-testes posicionados na parte superior/anterior e inferior /posterior, sendo o primeiro colocado no ponto mais próximo da entrada do agente esterilizante, e o segundo colocado no ponto mais distante. Resultados: do total de 9 ensaios com carga para cada modelo de esterilizador, obtemos IB positivos em 22% dos ensaios do modelo 100S, 33% no modelo 100NX e 100% no modelo V-pro. Os IB positivos foram relacionados à sobreposição de pacotes, à presença de tapete imantado, às bandejas de acondicionamento sem instrução de uso do fabricante (IUF) para o método e, principalmente, à difusibilidade do VH2O2 prejudicada em pontos mais distantes da entrada do VH2O2 na câmara de esterilização. Outras hipóteses que podem ter contribuído para o resultado foram a falta de IUF dos PPSs para o método e o uso de massa adicional que consome o VH2O2. Não foi possível correlacionar os resultados dos IB positivos aos parâmetros físicos do esterilizador, bem como ao total de peso da carga. Conclusão: O presente estudo pode afirmar que as cargas e o carregamento interferem na segurança dos esterilizadores por VH2O2. As IUF validadas dos esterilizadores, dos PPSs, dos sistemas de barreira estéril e das bandejas de acondicionamento devem ser respeitadas, como também a qualificação dos equipamentos com carga que representem um desafio da rotina utilizando-se IB em meio ciclo. Este procedimento pode detectar a insuficiência de exposição dos PPSs ao agente esterilizante para atender o Nível de Segurança de Esterilidade (SAL - Sterility Assurance Level) de 10-6 . Atualmente, o monitoramento de rotina de todos os ciclos com IB é o procedimento mais seguro para este método de esterilização.


Introduction: The recent advances in surgical techniques have required the use of low- temperature sterilization methods, such as vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2), to enable the sterilization of thermo-sensitive health care products. Although widely applied in Central Sterile Service Departments (CSSD), problems related to this technology are many such as: low diffusivity, lack of constructive and validation standards, technology limitation to measure the concentration of the sterilizing agent, cycle validation and monitoring, as well as inadequate loading and sterilization practices for health care products. Objective: Evaluating, through physical (PI) and biological (BI) indicators, whether the current practices of Central Sterile Service Departments, when choosing the load and the loading processes, interfere with the safety of VH2O2 sterilizers: Sterrad® 100S short cycle, Sterrad® 100NX standard cycle and Vpro® Max lumenless cycle. Method: Field, exploratory and descriptive research study performed in hospitals that use the aforementioned equipment in the working routine. Data were collected after approval by the Research Ethics Committee and authorization of the participating hospitals. Three sterilizers from each model and from different CSSD were evaluated, and the choice of cycles for data collection followed the criticality and frequency of use in the study sites. The BIs were unitarily positioned in double-Tyvek® (test-package) envelopes, with heat-sealing closure. In each sterilizer, a half-cycle no-loading test was performed, with three testing-packages in the following positions: upper/anterior; upper/center and lower/posterior. Subsequently, triplicate assays were performed with the same load, containing health care products that represent a routine challenge, also, in half cycle. BIs were added internally, in addition to two testing-packages, positioned in the upper/anterior and inferior/posterior area, the first placed at the point closest to the entrance of the sterilizing agent in the chamber, and the second at the farthest point. Results: For total of 9 assays with load from each sterilizers model, positive BIs 22% on assays in the 100S model test, 33% in the 100NX model and 100% in the V-pro model. The positive BIs were related to package overlapping; presence of magnetic mat; packaging trays, without the recommendations of the equipment manufacturers; and impaired diffusion of the VH2O2 sterilizing agent in the sterilization chamber, especially at points distant from the agent entrance. Other hypotheses that may have contributed to the result were the lack of IFU of the health care products for the method, as well as the use of additional mass consuming VH2O2. It was not possible to correlate the positive BI results to the physical parameters of the sterilizer, as well as to the total weight of the load. Conclusion: The current research study can conclude that the loads and the loading interfere in the safety of the sterilizers by VH2O2. The validated instructions for use of sterilizers manufacturers, health care products, sterile barrier systems and packaging trays must be respected, as well as the qualification of loading equipment, representing a challenge to the routine using BI in half cycle. This procedure can detect the insufficient exposure of health care products to the sterilizing agent to meet the Sterility Assurance Level (SAL) of 10-6 . Currently, routine monitoring of all cycles with BIs is the safest procedure for this sterilization method.


Subject(s)
Nursing , Patient Safety , Hydrogen Peroxide , Sterilization
9.
International Eye Science ; (12): 1241-1244, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-695418

ABSTRACT

·Diabetic Retinopathy ( DR ) has gradually worsening and lingering, which is the leading cause of global young people blindness. With the progression of the disease, patients with diabetes mellitus ( DM) will have different degrees of DR. If you can not prevent and give acute early intervention, once the visual acuity decreased significantly, DR would be difficult to reverse. DR progressively has worsening, the treatment status has no optimistic. Therefore, DR in the early prevention and treatment will be indispensable. This article summarizes some of the early warning of the occurrence and development of biological markers and characteristic indicators in order to provide a basis for the early prevention of DR.

10.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 84: e0142015, 2017.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-887870

ABSTRACT

Nematodes can be associated with the soil ecological condition, thus being associated with this sustainability condition of agricultural production. Studies of their diversity can be applied with the purpose of using them as bioindicators of environmental changes and the productive impacts. However, these organisms have been neglected in the agroecosystems, only assuming status of pathogen when their population is very high, with considerable losses in productivity. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the nematodes cause damage to plants, 25% are nematodes grouped into trophic levels of fungivores or fungal feeders, bacterivorous, and omnivores, according to the type of their food. In many cases it is not known the ratio of population level of the nematode with the level of damage in plants. For this reason, the use of pesticides and fertilizers is still part of the most common practices by farmers, causing loss of soil organic matter, soil erosion and groundwater contamination, in addition to an imbalance in the microbiote. The objective of this work was to make a brief review about the diversity of nematodes in the soil in the agroecosystems that can be used in studies of sustainability, as soil quality bioindicators. Several species of nematodes have the potential to be used as biological indicators of soil quality. In this sense, the knowledge and use of bioindicators by rural producers are important, in order to encourage practices of sustainable management systems that do not cause the soil biodiversity imbalance.(AU)


Nematoides podem ser associados com a condição ecológica do solo, relacionando-se assim à condição de sustentabilidade da produção agrícola. Estudos da sua diversidade podem ser aplicados com a finalidade de utilizá-los como bioindicadores de alterações ambientais e dos impactos produtivos, contudo esses organismos têm sido negligenciados nos agroecossistemas, somente assumindo status de patógeno quando sua população se encontra muito elevada, com acentuadas perdas em produtividade. Estima-se que aproximadamente 10% dos nematoides causam danos às plantas, 25% são nematoides agrupados nos níveis tróficos de fungívoros ou micófagos, bacterívoros e onívoros, de acordo com o tipo de sua alimentação. Em diversos casos não se conhece a relação do nível populacional do nematoide com o nível de dano nas plantas. Por esse motivo, o uso de pesticidas e fertilizantes é ainda uma prática comum por parte dos agricultores, ocasionando perda de matéria orgânica do solo, erosão e contaminação das águas subterrâneas, além de desequilíbrio na microbiota. O trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma breve revisão sobre a diversidade de nematoides no solo em agroecossistemas que podem ser utilizados em estudos de sustentabilidade, como bioindicadores da qualidade do solo. Diversas espécies de nematoides apresentam potencial para serem utilizadas como indicadores biológicos da qualidade do solo. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento e o uso de bioindicadores pelos produtores rurais são importantes, no sentido de incentivar práticas de manejos sustentáveis que não ocasionem o desequilíbrio da biodiversidade do solo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Soil Conditions , Environmental Biomarkers , Crop Production , Nematoda , Biodiversity
11.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 20(2): 93-97, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961556

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Monitorear la eficacia de las autoclaves y realizar la validación rutinaria de los ciclos de esterilización. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, cualitativo y prospectivo de tres autoclaves de la Central de Equipos y Esterilización de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Tecnológica de México, incluyéndose 96 biocargas no quirúrgicas y quirúrgicas, de mayo del 2012 hasta abril del 2015. Se realizó una determinación mensual, según lo marca la NOM-013-SSA2-1994 modificación 2006, utilizando indicadores biológicos de rápida lectura (1292 3 M Attest®). La eficacia de la esterilización se definió como la aniquilación biológica producida en estos indicadores, y se realizó a través de un lector óptico automático (3 M Attest 290®), después de tres horas. En todas las lecturas se incluyó un testigo positivo. Resultados: Se obtuvieron resultados negativos en las lecturas de los indicadores biológicos utilizados en las autoclaves, obteniéndose 100% de eficacia en el proceso de esterilización en las biocargas quirúrgicas y no quirúrgicas. Todos los testigos fueron positivos. Conclusiones: Se corroboró la eficacia de las autoclaves de la Central de Equipos y Estirilización de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Tecnológica de México, cumpliendo con la Norma establecida por la Secretaría de Salud.


Objective: To monitor autoclave effectiveness and conduct routine validation of sterilization cycles. Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectioned, qualitative and prospective study of three Sterilization and Packing Center autoclaves of the Technological University of Mexico of the School of Dentistry was conducted. The study included 96 surgical and non-surgical packs, and spanned the period from May 2012 to April 2015. Monthly assessments were conducted, according to Official Mexican Norm stipulation number NOM-013-SSA2-1994, modification 2006, using rapid lecture biological indicators (1292 3 M Attest™). Sterilization efficiency was determined as biological annihilation elicited in these indicators. Effectiveness assessment was conducted after three hours with an automatic optic reader (3 M Attest 290™). A positive witness was included in all readings. Results: Negative results were obtained in biological indicators readings used in autoclaves. A 100% effectiveness was achieved in sterilization processes of surgical and non surgical packs. All witnesses were positive. Conclusions: The effectiveness of Sterilization and Packing Center autoclaves of the Technological University of Mexico of the School of Dentistry was corroborated. The Norm established by the Mexican Health Ministry was complied with.

12.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 59(1): 21-27, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742918

ABSTRACT

Morphological traits, such as size and shape, may reflect a combination of ecological and evolutionary responses by organisms. Ants have been used to evaluate the relationship between the environment and species coexistence and morphology. In the present study, we analyzed the morphology of workers of Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr in different landscapes from the Atlantic Domain in southeastern Brazil, focusing on the variation in the morphological attributes of these populations compared to those from a dense ombrophilous forest. Eighteen morphological traits of functional importance for interactions between workers and the environment were measured to characterize the size and shape of the workers. In general, the results show that ants of urban areas possess some morphological attributes of smaller size, with highly overlapped morphological space between the populations in forested ecosystems. Further, some of the traits related to predation were relatively smaller in modified land areas than in the populations from preserved areas of dense ombrophilous forest. These results help broaden the knowledge regarding morphological diversity in G. striatula, suggesting that the characterization of the morphology may be important to quantify the effects of land use on morphological diversity, and presumably, to facilitate the use of ants as biological indicators.

13.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 22(4): 329-342, Oct-Dec/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741377

ABSTRACT

O uso indiscriminado de um número cada vez maior de substâncias químicas vem aumentando e a contaminação ambiental associada tem trazido sérias consequências para o sistema público de saúde devido à elevação de danos para a saúde humana. Uma das substâncias que desperta grande interesse devido à contaminação contemporânea é o benzeno, composto aromático classificado pela International Agency for Research on Cancer como reconhecidamente carcinogênico para humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elaborar e discutir um panorama sobre a contaminação por benzeno, seu metabolismo, consequências para a saúde e sua determinação ambiental e biológica a partir de informações existentes na literatura científica. O levantamento de dados possibilitou o acesso a mais de 200 artigos científicos tanto de âmbito nacional quanto internacional, demonstrando a atualidade do tema e a necessidade de minimização da exposição humana a essa substância. A maioria preocupa-se em explorar o metabolismo e investigar indicadores de exposição, muitos já amplamente estudados e com sérias limitações. Contudo, um crescente número de pesquisadores estão empenhados em elucidar fatores relacionados à suscetibilidade e à interferência da exposição no material genético e proteico. Indicadores de exposição inovadores têm sido propostos com o objetivo de complementar as lacunas de informações anteriormente obtidas, contribuindo para o delineamento da estrutura da biologia de sistemas orgânicos frente à exposição ao benzeno.


The indiscriminate use of an increasing number of chemicals is growing and associated environmental contamination has brought serious consequences for the public health system due to rising damage to human health. One of the substances that have attracted great interest due to contemporary contamination is benzene, aromatic compound classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as a carcinogen known. The aim of this study was develop and discuss an overview of the contamination by benzene, its metabolism, health endings and their environmental and biological determination based on literature data existing. The survey provided access to more than 200 scientific papers, both nationally and internationally, demonstrating the relevance of the topic and the need to minimize human exposure to this substance. The majority is concerned with exploring the metabolism and investigates indicators of exposure, many already widely studied and with serious limitations. However, a growing number of researchers are committed to elucidate factors related to interference susceptibility and exposure on protein and genetic material. Indicators of innovative exhibition has been proposed with the aim of complementing gaps of information previously obtained, contributing to the design of the structure of the organ biology systems upon exposure to benzene.

14.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 61(1): 47-53, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874810

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the quality of the sterilization process in private dental clinics in Porto Velho, Rondônia. Methods: A sample study was conducted with 100 dental clinics, by way of a questionnaire about procedures related to the sterilization process and implementation of biological monitoring of the equipment, using spores of Bacillus subtilis for the oven and Geobacillus stearothermophilus for the autoclaves.Results: There was a predominant use of autoclaves for the sterilization of dental materials (72%); Among the equipment evaluated, 7(25%) ovens tested positive (ineffective sterilization) and no autoclaves (0%) produced positive results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the sterilization process. The following parameters, necessary for quality assurance of the sterilization process were found to be inadequate: incorrect time/temperature ratios (100% for autoclaves and 84.6% for ovens); Lack of thermometers on ovens (28%), absence of biological monitoring for control of sterilization (37.3% for ovens and 45.3% for autoclaves); and disinfection of instruments with glutaraldehyde is performed incorrectly. Most dental clinics do not interrupt the cycle of sterilization in ovens and make use of surgical grade sterilization of instruments in autoclaves. The sterilized material is stored in a suitable place. Conclusion: ITherefore, given the results presented, it may be concluded that most of the private dental clinics in the city of Porto Velho, Rondônia, use autoclave sterilization as the preferred method and that it was effective given the biological indicators used, but the knowledge of dental surgeons regarding the process of sterilization and disinfection was insufficient, which alerts to the need for greater awareness by the professionals. It is hoped that the results can support both education and the monitoring of safe practices for the sterilization of dental instruments in private clinics in Porto Velho, helping and encouraging the academic community with the importance of this issue in training.


Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do processo de esterilização em consultórios odontológicos da rede privada do município de Porto Velho, Rondônia.Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de amostra aleatória com 100 consultórios odontológicos, por meio de questionário sobre procedimentos referentes ao processo de esterilização e realização do monitoramento biológico dos equipamentos, utilizando esporos de Bacillus subtilis para a estufa e Geobacillus stearothermophilus para a autoclave. Resultados: Houve predominantemente o uso da autoclave para esterilização dos materiais odontológicos (72%); Dentre os aparelhos avaliados, 7 (25%) estufas apresentaram resultado positivo (esterilização não efetiva), e nenhuma autoclave (0%) apresentou resultado positivo, demonstrando eficácia no processo de esterilização; encontrou-se inadequação dos seguintes parâmetros necessários à garantia da qualidade do processo de esterilização: relação tempo/temperatura incorretos (100% para autoclaves, 84,6% para estufas); falta de termômetros nas estufas (28%); ausência de monitoramento biológico (37,3% para estufas e 45,3% para autoclaves); e desinfecção dos instrumentais com glutaraldeído é utilizada de maneira incorreta; a maioria dos consultórios odontológicos não interrompe o ciclo de esterilização nas estufas; fazem uso de grau cirúrgico para esterilização dos instrumentos em autoclave; o material esterilizado é armazenado em local adequado. Conclusão: Portanto diante dos resultados pode-se concluir que, a maioria dos consultórios odontológicos da rede particular do município de Porto Velho, Rondônia, utiliza a autoclave como método de esterilização e que este mostrou ser eficiente diante dos indicadores biológicos utilizados, porém o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas quanto ao processo de esterilização e desinfecção foi insuficiente, o que vem alertar para a necessidade de uma maior conscientização dos profissionais.


Subject(s)
Sterilization , Environmental Biomarkers
15.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (49): 3-8, ene.-jun. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-738941

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se muestran 11 curvas dosis respuesta in vitro obtenidas por primera vez en el país para tres indicadores biológicos: anillos en cromosomas prematuramente condensados (PCC-R) índice PCC; focos gamma H2AX (-H2AX), todos ellos en linfocitos de sangre periférica humana. Estas curvas en su conjunto cubren un intervalo de dosis desde 0,1 Gy hasta 25 Gy, y varias calidades de radiación, así como varios tiempos post exposición, lo cual fortalece las capacidades para dar respuesta a las emergencias radiológicas y amplía las posibilidades de contribuir al esclarecimiento de cualquier suceso radiológico anormal que pueda ocurrir en la región, donde el indicador predominante en la actualidad continúa siendo la cuantificación de dicéntricos en linfocitos de la sangre periférica.


ABSTRACT In this paper we show the dose response curves in vitro obtained at first time in Cuba, with several biological indicators for radiation damage: rings in premature chromosome condensation (PCC-R); PCC index and -H2AX foci, all of these in peripheral human lymphocytes. These curves cover an interval of doses between 0.1 Gy to 25 Gy, several radiation qualities and times post-exposition, strengthening the capabilities of the Cuban laboratory to give answer to the radiological emergencies and in the same way increase its contribution to elucidate any radiological abnormal event take place at the region where the main indicator at the present time is the dicentric assay in lymphocytes of peripheral blood.

16.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 32(3): 216-222, Sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-560770

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of the progression from pre-dementia stages of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease is relevant to clinical management and to substantiate the decision of prescribing antidementia drugs. METHOD: Longitudinal study of a cohort of elderly adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls, carried out to estimate the risk and characterize predictors of the progression to Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment had a higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease during follow-up (odds ratio = 4.5, CI95 percent [1.3-13.6], p = 0.010). At baseline, older age, lower scores on memory tests and presence of the APOE*4 allele predicted the progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. In a sub sample of amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients, those who progressed to Alzheimer's disease had lower cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ42, p = 0.020) and higher concentrations of total TAU (p = 0.030) and phosphorylated TAU (p = 0.010), as compared to non-converters. DISCUSSION: This is the first Brazilian study to report cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the prediction of the conversion from MCI to Alzheimer's disease. Our data are in accordance with those reported in other settings. The measurement of cerebrospinal fluid total-TAU, phospho-TAU and Aβ42 may help identify patients with mild cognitive impairment at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.


OBJETIVO: A identificação de preditores da conversão para a doença de Alzheimer em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve é relevante para o manejo clínico e para decidir sobre a prescrição de drogas antidemência. MÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal em coorte de indivíduos idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico e controles saudáveis; estimativa do risco da progressão para doença de Alzheimer nos dois grupos; determinação das variáveis preditivas desse desfecho. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver doença de Alzheimer ao longo do seguimento (odds ratio = 4,5, CI95 por cento [1,3-13,6], p = 0,012). Na avaliação inicial, idade mais avançada, escores mais baixos nos testes cognitivos e do alelo APOE*4 foram preditores da conversão do comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico para doença de Alzheimer. Em uma subamostra de pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico, aqueles que progrediram para doença de Alzheimer tinham concentrações liquóricas mais baixas do peptídeo beta-amilóide (Aβ42, p = 0,020) e mais altas da proteína TAU total (p = 0,030) e TAU fosforilada (p = 0,010) do que os pacientes que não progrediram para doença de Alzheimer. DISCUSSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo brasileiro com biomarcadores liquóricos a relatar preditores da conversão comprometimento cognitivo leve-doença de Alzheimer. Nossos dados biológicos (aumento de TAU total e fosfo-TAU; redução de Aβ42), e podem auxiliar na identificação dos pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve com maior risco de evolução para demência.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Amnesia/diagnosis , Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid , Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid , Amnesia/cerebrospinal fluid , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Cognition Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid , Disease Progression , Epidemiologic Methods
17.
Acta odontol. venez ; 47(2): 320-326, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630161

ABSTRACT

En un consultorio odontológico, diversas fuentes de posible infección, como saliva, sangre, instrumentos contaminados, etc., pueden ser transmisores de microorganismos tanto a pacientes como al personal odontológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de los procesos de esterilización de los consultorios odontológicos del Distrito VI de la Provincia de Buenos Aires mediante la utilización de Indicadores Biológicos. Participaron del estudio 283 odontólogos que llevaron a cabo un total de 320 procesos de esterilización por calor seco y 19 por calor húmedo. En base a los resultados obtenidos se observó que el 35 % (112/320) de los procesos de esterilización por calor seco controlados no cumplieron con los requisitos, de los cuales 63 repitieron el control y, 55/63 (87%) resolvieron el problema mediante distintas acciones correctivas. Con respecto a la esterilización por calor húmedo, el 32 % (6/19) de los procesos no cumplieron con los requisitos, en 3 de los 6 positivos se efectuaron correcciones simples obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. El presente trabajo muestra la importancia para la comunidad, de la implementación de rutina de un sistema de control que permita garantizar la esterilidad de los materiales utilizados en los consultorios odontológicos.


In a dental office, several infectious sources, such as saliva, blood, contaminated dental instruments, may be vehicles for microorganisms to reach patients and dental proffesionals. In this work the efficacy of the sterilization process performed at dental offices belonging to the VI district of Buenos Aires Province from Argentina was evaluated through the use of Biological Indicators. Two hundred and eigthy three dentists participated of the study performing a total of 320 dry heat sterilization process and 19 wet heat ones. It was observed that the 35 % (112/320) of the dry heat sterilization process controlled didn't meet the requirements, 63 of which repeated the control and 55 (87%) solved the problem through the adoption of several corrective actions. In relation to wet heat sterilization, the 32 % (6/19) of the process didn't meet the requirements, 3 out of 6 positives overcame the problem after the implementation of corrective actions. These results show the importance for the whole community of a control program implementation in order to guarantee the sterility of the instruments used in the dental practice.

18.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 31(4): 379-386, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460615

ABSTRACT

Anthropic activities cause changes in physical and chemical characteristics in aquatic environments, as well as in the biotic component, and several benthic invertebrates species may indicate these changes. In this paper, we characterized the environmental conditions of different sample points in the 119 River, Campo Mourão, State of Paraná, Brazil. Physical and chemical conditions were analyzed in water, and samples of the river substrate were collected for physical and biological analysis. Density, composition and taxa richness of benthic invertebrates were used to distinguish the sampling points according to environmental changes. Alterations in density, composition and richness were reported at all sampling points and samplings, mainly in sites downstream from areas with anthropic changes. Some characteristic taxa of locals with good water quality were recorded, but in smaller numbers compared with taxa that indicate environmental changes. Because the river crosses the urban area, it suffers continuous anthropic pressure and organism distribution throughout this gradient responds to the changes that occur in each sampling point. Thus, our results suggest that an immediate management plan is necessary to recover the whole river along the urban area


As atividades antrópicas podem causar profundas alterações nas características físicas e químicas dos ambientes aquáticos, assim como na biota. Muitas espécies de invertebrados bentônicos podem auxiliar a indicação dessas alterações. No presente estudo, foi realizada a caracterização das condições ambientais de diferentes pontos do rio 119, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brasil. Para tanto, foram analisadas condições físico-químicas da água e coletadas amostras do substrato do rio para análises físicas e biológicas. A densidade, a composição e a riqueza dos táxons de invertebrados bênticos encontrados foram utilizadas para diferenciar os pontos quanto às condições de alteração ambiental. Mudanças na densidade, na composição e na riqueza foram relatadas em todos os pontos de coleta, principalmente em locais a jusante de áreas alteradas antropicamente. Alguns táxons característicos de locais com boa qualidade de água foram registrados, mas em número inferior ao de táxons que indicam alterações ambientais. Por ser um rio que corta longitudinalmente o perímetro urbano, ele sofre pressão antrópica contínua, e a distribuição dos organismos ao longo desse gradiente provavelmente está respondendo às alterações ocorridas em cada local de coleta. Dessa forma, sugere-se a implementação imediata de um plano de manejo e recuperação para todo o rio ao longo do perímetro urbano

19.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 7(1): 15-19, Ene.-Abr. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-969705

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia del uso de indicadores biológicos de esterilidad en las Centrales de Equipos y Esterilización de los Hospitales de Oncología, Pediatría y Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. El diseño fue una serie de casos. Fueron incluidos todos los procesos de purificación en esterilizadores de vapor o gas óxido de etileno, durante un periodo de seis meses. Las variables analizadas fueron el número de cargas, tipo de esterilización e indicador utilizado. El promedio diario de cargas de esterilización en el Hospital de Oncología fue de 7.72, en Pediatría 10.92 y en Especialidades 8.26. La esterilización por vapor es el método más utilizado (más de 90%). El uso de los indicadores biológicos fue bajo a pesar de que ofrecen doble factor de seguridad para verificar la eficacia del proceso: 32% en Pediatría, 4% en Especialidades y 3% en Oncología.


The objectives were to assess the amount, type and sterility indicators in the sterilization process. Design: series of cases. Study site: Central Equipment and Sterilization Service at the Oncology, Pediatrics and Specialties Hospitals of the 21st Century National Medical Center Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico. Material and methods: all sterilization processes, whether vapor of ethylene oxide gas sterilizes were studied during a six-month period from three hospitals at the National Medical Center. Variables analyzed: number of loads, sterilize processes and indicator of sterility used. Results: the daily average sterilization loads were: Oncology 7.72, Pediatrics 10.92, Specialties 8.26. The vapor sterilize method was the type most frequently used (>90%). The percentage of utilization of the biological indicators of sterility showed: 32% pediatrics, 4% specialties and oncology 3%. Conclusions: in spite of the fact that the sterilization indicators are twice as safe, they are underused.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cancer Care Facilities , Durable Medical Equipment , Equipment Maintenance , Sterilization , Equipment and Supplies , Equipment and Supplies, Hospital , Hospitals , Hospitals, Pediatric , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, Special , Mexico
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